Beth A Garvy, Ph.D.

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About
Education
Research
Publications

Position(s):

Regular Faculty

Dept. Chair

Affiliation(s):

Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics

Other Affiliation(s):

MD/PhD Program Mentor

Bio / Education:

1981, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, B.A., Biology and Science Education,
1985, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, M.A., Exercise Physiology
1991, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI, Ph.D., Biochemistry and Exercise Science
1993, Postdoctoral fellow, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
1996, Research Associate, Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY

Research Description:

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause pneumonia in immunosuppressed individuals including AIDS patients. It has been known for a number of years that an intact CD4 T cell compartment is critical for defense against P. carinii. However, there are a number of questions regarding the immune response to P. carinii that are still unresolved. The focus of our work is to examine the immune response to P. carinii using a murine model of infection. There are two major questions that are being addressed:

1. What is the role of B cells in the immune response to P. carinii? It has not been fully appreciated that B cell function is as critical to host defense against P. carinii as is CD4 T cell function. Mice that are deficient in B cells but have normal T cells will succumb to P. carinii pneumonia. Clearly there is a role for P.carinii-specific antibody in clearance of the infection. However, B cells have a variety other of functions such as cytokine production and antigen presentation. We have been using a chimeric mouse model in which we generate mice that have a deficiency in a specific molecule on B cells. We have determined that MHC class II must be present on B cells for clearance of P. carinii. In addition, expression of CD40 on B cells is also required for clearance of the infection. Interestingly, neither MHC class II nor CD40 deficient chimeras were able to produce P. carinii-specific IgG. We are currently using a chimeras, adoptive transfers, and transgenic mice to determine whether B cells are required during early T cell priming events or whether the downstream production of IgG is the major role of B cells in resisting P. carinii infection.

2. How do neonatal mice handle respiratory infection? It has long been known that infants are particularly susceptible to respiratory pathogens. We are using mouse models of P. carinii and influenza virus infection to examine neonatal immunity in the lungs. Interestingly, mice infected as neonates take three weeks to mount an inflammatory response to P. carinii whereas adult mice given a comparable infectious dose respond within 3-5 days and clear the infection within 2-3 weeks. We have found that T cells isolated from neonatal mice are able to effect clearance of P. carinii when transferred to an adult lung environment. This has led us to more closely scrutinize the neonatal lung environment. We have found that proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are deficient in neonatal lungs however TGFβ and IL-10, both anti-inflammatory, are elevated. In addition, dendritic cells in neonatal lungs do not mature and migrate to draining lymph nodes with the same efficiency as dendritic cells in adult lungs. Interestingly, neonatal mice develop interstitial pneumonia in response to influenza virus infection which may be one reason why they are significantly more susceptible to infection than are adult mice. Neonatal mice mount a significantly different chemokine and cytokine response to influenza virus infection. Additionally, the response to immunodominant influenza epitopes is significantly different in neonatal mice. We are currently utilizing transgenic and knockout mouse models to address the mechanisms responsible for these observations.

Grants:

NIH R21 Recognition of Pneumocystis trophs by murine dendritic cells 5/1/2015 to 10/30/2017 NCE

NIH R01 PI Role of B cells in host defense against Pneumocystis 12/1/07 to 11/30/13 NCE

NIH R01 PI Host Response to P. carinii in Neonatal Mice 7/17/2009 to 6/30/2014

NIH R01 co-I (Feola) Alternative macrophage activation in acute Pseudomonas pneumonia 7/1/2012-6/30/2017

Selected Publications:

Huaman, M.A., R.J. Kriscyo, C.J. Fichtenbaum, D. Henson, E. Salt, T.R. Sterling, and B.A. Garvy. (2017) Tuberculosis and one-year risk of acute myocardial infarction: A propensity score-matched analysis. Epidemiol. Infect. 145(7):1363-1367. PMID: 28202093.

Deckman, J.M., C.J. Kurkjian, J.P. McGillis, T.J. Cory, S.E. Birket, L.M. Schutzman, B.S. Murphy, B.A. Garvy, and D.J. Feola (2017) Pneumocystis infection reprograms the activation state of pulmonary macrophages. Immunobiology, 222(2): 188-197. PMID: 27720434.

Evans, H., G.L. Bryant, and B.A. Garvy (2016) The life cycle states of Pneumocystis murina have opposing effects on the immune response to this opportunistic, fungal pathogen Infect Immun, 84(11): 3195-3205. PMID: 27572330.

Opata, M.M., M.L. Hollifield, F.E. Lund, T.D. Randall, R. Dunn, B.A. Garvy, and D.J. Feola (2015) B lymphocytes are required during the early priming of CD4+ T cells for clearance of Pneumocystis infection in mice. J. Immunol. 195: 195(2):611-620. PMID: 26041535

Hu, Y., Y-T. Lee, SmM. Kaech, B. Garvy, and L.S. Cauley (2015) Smad4 promotes differentiation of effector and circulating memory CD8 T cells, but is dispensable for tissue resident memory CD8 T cells. J. Immunol. 194:2407-2414. PMID: 25637015

Opata, M.M., Y. Zhan, M. Hollifield, and B.A. Garvy. (2013) B cell production of TNF in response to Pneumocystis infection in mice. Infect. Immun. 81(11):4252-4260.

Breslow-Decker, J., C. Mattingly, S.E. Birket, S Hoskins, T.N. Ho, B.A. Garvy, and D.J. Feola. (2013) Linezolid Decreases Susceptibility to Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia Post-Influenza Infection in Mice Through its Effects on Interferon-γ. J Immunol. 191(4):1792-1799. PMID: 23833238

C. Kurkjian, M. Hollifield, J.L. Lines, A. Rogoskly, K.M. Empey, M.H. Qureshi, S.A. Brown, and B.A. Garvy (2012) Alveolar macrophages in neonatal mice are inherently unresponsive to Pneumocystis infection. Infect Immun, 80(8):2835-2846. PMID: 22665378

Fallah M.P., Chelvarajan R.L., Garvy B.A., and S. Bondada. (2011) Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway in the age-related cytokine dysregulation in splenic macrophages stimulated via TLR-2 or TLR-4 receptors. Mech Ageing Dev. 132:274-286. PMID: 21645538

Lines J.L., Hoskins S., Hollifield M., Cauley L.S., and B.A. Garvy. (2010) The migration of T cells in response to influenza virus is altered in neonatal mice. J Immunol. 185(5):2980-8.

Feola D.J., Garvy B.A., Cory T.J., Birket S.E., Hoy H., Hayes Jr. D., and B.S. Murphy. (2010) Azithromycin alters macrophage phenotype and pulmonary compartmentalization during lung infection with Pseudomonas. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 54(6):2437-47. PDF

Oakley O.R., Garvy B.A., Humphreys S., Qureshi M.H., and C. Pomeroy. (2008) Increased weight loss with reduced viral replication in interleukin-10 knock-out mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus. Clin Exp Immunol. 151(1):155-64. PDF

Murphy B.S., Wulff C.R., Garvy B.A., and S.C. Straley. (2007) Yersinia pestis YadC: a novel vaccine candidate against plague. Adv Exp Med Biol. 603:400-14.

Feola D.J., Garvy B.A., Rapp R.P., and A.C. Thornton. (2007) Blunted humoral response to influenza vaccination in patients exposed to zidovudine plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Pharmacotherapy. 27(7):937-47.

Hollifield, M., W.J.S. deVilliers, and B.A. Garvy. (2007) Scavenger receptor A dampens induction of inflammation in response to the fungal pathogen Pneumocystis carinii. Infect. Immun. 75:3999-4005. PDF

Empey, K.M., M. Hollifield, and B.A. Garvy. (2007) LPS stimulates alveolar macrophages resulting in reduced Pneumocystis lung burden in infant mice. Infect. Immun. 75: 3382-3393. PDF

Lund, F.E., M. Hollifield, K. Schuer, T.D. Randall, and B.A. Garvy. (2006) B cells are required for priming of CD4 cells in response to Pneumocystis lung infection. J. Immunol., 176. PDF

Feola, D.J. and B.A. Garvy (2006) Combination exposure to zidovudine plus sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim diminishes B lymphocyte immune responses to Pneumocystis murina infection in normal mice. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 13:193-201.

Feola, D.J. and B.A. Garvy. (2005) Zidovudine plus sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim adversely affects B lymphocyte maturation in bone marrow of normal mice. Int. Immunopharmacol., 5:1881-1894.

Qureshi, M.H., K.M. Empey, and B.A. Garvy. (2005) Modulation of proinflammatory responses to Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris in neonatal mice by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-4: role of APCs. J. Immunol. 174,441.

Empey, K. M., M. Hollifield, K. Schuer, F. Gigliotti, and B.A. Garvy. (2004) Passive immunization of neonatal mice against Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris enhances control of infection without stimulating inflammation. Infect. Immun. 72,6211.

Lund, F.E., K. Schuer, M. Hollifield, T.D. Randall and B.A. Garvy. (2003) Clearance of Pneumocystis carinii in mice is dependent on B cells but not on P. carinii-specific antibody. J. Immunol. 171, 1423. PDF

Qureshi, M.H., A.G. Harmsen, and B.A. Garvy. (2003) IL-10 Modulates Host Responses and Lung Damage Induced by Pneumocystis carinii Infection. J. Immunol. 170, 1002. PDF

Partida-Sanchez, S., D. Cockayne, S. Monard, E.L. Jacobson, B. Garvy, K. Kusser, M. Howard, A. Harmsen, T.D. Randall, and F.E. Lund (2001) Cyclic ADP-ribose production by CD38 controls extracellular calcium influx and chemtaxis in neutrophils and is required for bacterial clearance in vivo. Nature Med. 7,1209. PDF

Qureshi, M.H. and B.A. Garvy (2001) Neonatal T cells in an adult lung environment are competent to resolve Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. J. Immunol. 166, 5704. PDF

Garvy, B.A. and M.H. Qureshi (2000) Delayed inflammatory response to Pneumocystis carinii infection in neonatal mice is due to an inadequate lung environment. J. Immunol. 165, 6480. PDF

PubMed Publications:

Huaman, M.A.;Kryscio, R.J.;Fichtenbaum, C.J.;Henson, D.;Salt, E.;Sterling, T.R.;Garvy, B.A. "Tuberculosis and risk of acute myocardial infarction: a propensity score-matched analysis." Epidemiology and infection 145, 7 (2017): 1363-1367. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Deckman, J.M.;Kurkjian, C.J.;McGillis, J.P.;Cory, T.J.;Birket, S.E.;Schutzman, L.M.;Murphy, B.S.;Garvy, B.A.;Feola, D.J. "Pneumocystis infection alters the activation state of pulmonary macrophages." Immunobiology 222, 2 (2017): 188-197. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Garvy, B.A. "Overcoming Hurdles to Development of a Vaccine against Pneumocystis jirovecii." Infection and immunity 85, 4 (2017): [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Evans, H.M.;Bryant GL, 3rd;Garvy, B.A. "The life cycle stages of Pneumocystis murina have opposing effects on the immune response to this opportunistic, fungal pathogen." Infection and immunity (2016): [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Opata, M.M.;Hollifield, M.L.;Lund, F.E.;Randall, T.D.;Dunn, R.;Garvy, B.A.;Feola, D.J. "B Lymphocytes Are Required during the Early Priming of CD4+ T Cells for Clearance of Pneumocystis Infection in Mice." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 195, 2 (2015): 611-20. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Oliphant, S.;Lines, J.L.;Hollifield, M.L.;Garvy, B.A. "Regulatory T Cells Are Critical for Clearing Influenza A Virus in Neonatal Mice." Viral immunology 28, 10 (2015): 580-9. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Huaman, M.A.;Henson, D.;Ticona, E.;Sterling, T.R.;Garvy, B.A. "Tuberculosis and Cardiovascular Disease: Linking the Epidemics." Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines 1, (2015): [PubMed Link] |
Opata, M.M.;Ye, Z.;Hollifield, M.;Garvy, B.A. "B cell production of tumor necrosis factor in response to Pneumocystis murina infection in mice." Infection and immunity 81, 11 (2013): 4252-60. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Breslow-Deckman, J.M.;Mattingly, C.M.;Birket, S.E.;Hoskins, S.N.;Ho, T.N.;Garvy, B.A.;Feola, D.J. "Linezolid decreases susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia postinfluenza infection in mice through its effects on IFN-γ." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 191, 4 (2013): 1792-9. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Kurkjian, C.;Hollifield, M.;Lines, J.L.;Rogosky, A.;Empey, K.M.;Qureshi, M.;Brown, S.A.;Garvy, B.A. "Alveolar macrophages in neonatal mice are inherently unresponsive to Pneumocystis murina infection." Infection and immunity 80, 8 (2012): 2835-46. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Fallah, M.P.;Chelvarajan, R.L.;Garvy, B.A.;Bondada, S. "Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway in the age-related cytokine dysregulation in splenic macrophages stimulated via TLR-2 or TLR-4 receptors." Mechanisms of ageing and development 132, 6-7 (2011): 274-86. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Lines, J.L.;Hoskins, S.;Hollifield, M.;Cauley, L.S.;Garvy, B.A. "The migration of T cells in response to influenza virus is altered in neonatal mice." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 185, 5 (2010): 2980-8. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Feola, D.J.;Garvy, B.A.;Cory, T.J.;Birket, S.E.;Hoy, H.;Hayes D, J.;Murphy, B.S. "Azithromycin alters macrophage phenotype and pulmonary compartmentalization during lung infection with Pseudomonas." Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 54, 6 (2010): 2437-47. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Oakley, O.R.;Garvy, B.A.;Humphreys, S.;Qureshi, M.H.;Pomeroy, C. "Increased weight loss with reduced viral replication in interleukin-10 knock-out mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus." Clinical and experimental immunology 151, 1 (2008): 155-64. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Feola, D.J.;Garvy, B.A.;Rapp, R.P.;Thornton, A.C. "Blunted humoral response to influenza vaccination in patients exposed to zidovudine plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Pharmacotherapy 27, 7 (2007): 937-47. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Empey, K.M.;Hollifield, M.;Garvy, B.A. "Exogenous heat-killed Escherichia coli improves alveolar macrophage activity and reduces Pneumocystis carinii lung burden in infant mice." Infection and immunity 75, 7 (2007): 3382-93. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Hollifield, M.;Bou Ghanem, E.;Villiers, W.J.;Garvy, B.A. "Scavenger receptor A dampens induction of inflammation in response to the fungal pathogen Pneumocystis carinii." Infection and immunity 75, 8 (2007): 3999-4005. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Murphy, B.S.;Wulff, C.R.;Garvy, B.A.;Straley, S.C. "Yersinia pestis YadC: a novel vaccine candidate against plague." Advances in experimental medicine and biology 603, (2007): 400-14. [PubMed Link] |
Lund, F.E.;Hollifield, M.;Schuer, K.;Lines, J.L.;Randall, T.D.;Garvy, B.A. "B cells are required for generation of protective effector and memory CD4 cells in response to Pneumocystis lung infection." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 176, 10 (2006): 6147-54. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Feola, D.J.;Garvy, B.A. "Combination exposure to zidovudine plus sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim diminishes B-lymphocyte immune responses to Pneumocystis murina infection in healthy mice." Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 13, 2 (2006): 193-201. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Inayat, M.S.;Bernard, A.C.;Gallicchio, V.S.;Garvy, B.A.;Elford, H.L.;Oakley, O.R. "Oxygen carriers: a selected review." Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis 34, 1 (2006): 25-32. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Feola, D.J.;Thornton, A.C.;Garvy, B.A. "Effects of antiretroviral therapy on immunity in patients infected with HIV." Current pharmaceutical design 12, 9 (2006): 1015-22. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Qureshi, M.H.;Empey, K.M.;Garvy, B.A. "Modulation of proinflammatory responses to Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris in neonatal mice by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-4: role of APCs." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 174, 1 (2005): 441-8. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Feola, D.J.;Garvy, B.A. "Zidovudine plus sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim adversely affects B lymphocyte maturation in bone marrow of normal mice." International immunopharmacology 5, 13-14 (2005): 1881-94. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Qureshi, M.H.;Garvy, B.A.;Pomeroy, C.;Inayat, M.S.;Oakley, O.R. "A murine model of dual infection with cytomegalovirus and Pneumocystis carinii: effects of virus-induced immunomodulation on disease progression." Virus research 114, 1-2 (2005): 35-44. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Lund, F.E.;Garvy, B.A.;Randall, T.D.;Harris, D.P. "Regulatory roles for cytokine-producing B cells in infection and autoimmune disease." Current directions in autoimmunity 8, (2005): 25-54. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Empey, K.M.;Hollifield, M.;Schuer, K.;Gigliotti, F.;Garvy, B.A. "Passive immunization of neonatal mice against Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris enhances control of infection without stimulating inflammation." Infection and immunity 72, 11 (2004): 6211-20. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Qureshi, M.H.;Cook-Mills, J.;Doherty, D.E.;Garvy, B.A. "TNF-alpha-dependent ICAM-1- and VCAM-1-mediated inflammatory responses are delayed in neonatal mice infected with Pneumocystis carinii." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 171, 9 (2003): 4700-7. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Qureshi, M.H.;Harmsen, A.G.;Garvy, B.A. "IL-10 modulates host responses and lung damage induced by Pneumocystis carinii infection." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 170, 2 (2003): 1002-9. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Lund, F.E.;Schuer, K.;Hollifield, M.;Randall, T.D.;Garvy, B.A. "Clearance of Pneumocystis carinii in mice is dependent on B cells but not on P carinii-specific antibody." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 171, 3 (2003): 1423-30. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Qureshi, M.H.;Garvy, B.A. "Neonatal T cells in an adult lung environment are competent to resolve Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 166, 9 (2001): 5704-11. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Garvy, B.A.;Qureshi, M.H. "Delayed inflammatory response to Pneumocystis carinii infection in neonatal mice is due to an inadequate lung environment." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 165, 11 (2000): 6480-6. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Gigliotti, F.;Garvy, B.A.;Haidaris, C.G.;Harmsen, A.G. "Recognition of Pneumocystis carinii antigens by local antibody-secreting cells following resolution of P. carinii pneumonia in mice." The Journal of infectious diseases 178, 1 (1998): 235-42. [PubMed Link] |
Aguirre, K.M.;Garvy, B.A.;Johnson, L.L. "Acquired resistance to Cryptococcus neoformans in adult mice vaccinated as newborns." Infection and immunity 65, 5 (1997): 1688-94. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Garvy, B.A.;Ezekowitz, R.A.;Harmsen, A.G. "Role of gamma interferon in the host immune and inflammatory responses to Pneumocystis carinii infection." Infection and immunity 65, 2 (1997): 373-9. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Garvy, B.A.;Wiley, J.A.;Gigliotti, F.;Harmsen, A.G. "Protection against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by antibodies generated from either T helper 1 or T helper 2 responses." Infection and immunity 65, 12 (1997): 5052-6. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Garvy, B.A.;Gigliotti, F.;Harmsen, A.G. "Neutralization of interferon-gamma exacerbates pneumocystis-driven interstitial pneumonitis after bone marrow transplantation in mice." The Journal of clinical investigation 99, 7 (1997): 1637-44. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Garvy, B.A.;Harmsen, A.G. "Susceptibility to Pneumocystis carinii infection: host responses of neonatal mice from immune or naive mothers and of immune or naive adults." Infection and immunity 64, 10 (1996): 3987-92. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Garvy, B.A.;Harmsen, A.G. "The importance of neutrophils in resistance to pneumococcal pneumonia in adult and neonatal mice." Inflammation 20, 5 (1996): 499-512. [PubMed Link] |
Gigliotti, F.;Garvy, B.A.;Harmsen, A.G. "Antibody-mediated shift in the profile of glycoprotein A phenotypes observed in a mouse model of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia." Infection and immunity 64, 6 (1996): 1892-9. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Garvy, B.A.;Harmsen, A.G. "The role of T cells in infection-driven interstitial pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation in mice." Transplantation 62, 4 (1996): 517-25. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Merchant, M.S.;Garvy, B.A.;Riley, R.L. "Autoantibodies inhibit interleukin-7-mediated proliferation and are associated with the age-dependent loss of pre-B cells in autoimmune New Zealand Black Mice." Blood 87, 8 (1996): 3289-96. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Merchant, M.S.;Garvy, B.A.;Riley, R.L. "B220- bone marrow progenitor cells from New Zealand black autoimmune mice exhibit an age-associated decline in Pre-B and B-cell generation." Blood 85, 7 (1995): 1850-7. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Voetberg, B.J.;Garvy, B.A.;Mayer, H.K.;King, L.E.;Fraker, P.J. "Apoptosis accompanies a change in the phenotypic distribution and functional capacity of murine bone marrow B-cells chronically exposed to prednisolone." Clinical immunology and immunopathology 71, 2 (1994): 190-8. [PubMed Link] |
Garvy, B.A.;Riley, R.L. "IFN-gamma abrogates IL-7-dependent proliferation in pre-B cells, coinciding with onset of apoptosis." Immunology 81, 3 (1994): 381-8. [PubMed Link] |
Garvy, B.A.;Elia, J.M.;Hamilton, B.L.;Riley, R.L. "Suppression of B-cell development as a result of selective expansion of donor T cells during the minor H antigen graft-versus-host reaction." Blood 82, 9 (1993): 2758-66. [PubMed Link] | [ Full text ]
Garvy, B.A.;Telford, W.G.;King, L.E.;Fraker, P.J. "Glucocorticoids and irradiation-induced apoptosis in normal murine bone marrow B-lineage lymphocytes as determined by flow cytometry." Immunology 79, 2 (1993): 270-7. [PubMed Link] |
Garvy, B.A.;King, L.E.;Telford, W.G.;Morford, L.A.;Fraker, P.J. "Chronic elevation of plasma corticosterone causes reductions in the number of cycling cells of the B lineage in murine bone marrow and induces apoptosis." Immunology 80, 4 (1993): 587-92. [PubMed Link] |
Garvy, B.A.;Fraker, P.J. "Suppression of the antigenic response of murine bone marrow B cells by physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids." Immunology 74, 3 (1991): 519-23. [PubMed Link] |